HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Module ( 2cm to 400cm )

Description

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor uses sound waves to measure the distance between the module and a nearby object. Therefore, it provides a practical solution for robots, obstacle detection, level monitoring, and automation projects. The module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver, and control circuit. Moreover, its four-pin interface makes it easy to connect to Arduino and other development boards. Key Features Measures distance without physical contact Offers a measurement range from 2cm to 400cm Provides accuracy up to 3mm under suitable conditions Uses 40kHz ultrasonic signals Includes separate Trigger and Echo pins Works with Arduino and many microcontrollers Offers fast and repeatable distance readings Requires only one digital input and one digital output Compact and lightweight design Technical Specifications Model: HC-SR04 Sensor Type: Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Operating Voltage: 5V DC Operating Current: Approximately 15mA Measurement Range: 2–400cm Ranging Accuracy: Up to 3mm Ultrasonic Frequency: 40kHz Detection Angle: Approximately 15° Trigger Signal: HIGH pulse of at least 10µs Output Signal: TTL Echo pulse Dimensions: Approximately 45 × 20 × 15mm Pin Configuration VCC: Connect to a regulated 5V supply TRIG: Receives the measurement trigger pulse ECHO: Outputs a pulse proportional to the measured distance GND: Connects to the circuit ground How It Works First, the controller sends a HIGH pulse of at least 10µs to the TRIG pin. The module then transmits eight ultrasonic pulses at 40kHz. Next, the receiver waits for the reflected sound. The ECHO pin remains HIGH for the time required by the sound to travel to the object and return. Calculate the distance with this formula: Distance = Echo Time × Speed of Sound ÷ 2 For a simple centimetre calculation at room temperature: Distance in cm ≈ Echo Time in µs ÷ 58 Applications The HC-SR04 suits many electronics projects, including: Robot obstacle detection Distance-measuring devices Automatic parking prototypes Tank and container level monitoring Security and proximity systems Smart bins and automatic doors Arduino and STEM projects Industrial automation prototypes Important Notes Power the standard HC-SR04 module with 5V. The ECHO pin can output 5V logic. Use a voltage divider or level shifter with 3.3V controllers. Connect all devices to a common ground. Soft, narrow, curved, or angled objects may reduce measurement reliability. Temperature and air conditions can affect the speed of sound. This standard module is not waterproof. Allow enough time between measurements to prevent false echoes. Package Includes 1× HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Module

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