From Micro Ohm's description
Pin Configuration: Pin Number Pin Name Description 1 Emitter Current Drains out through emitter 2 Base Controls the biasing of transistor 3 Collector Current flows in through collector Features: Bi-Polar high current NPN Transistor DC Current Gain (h FE) is 100 Continuous Collector current (I C ) is 800mA Emitter Base Voltage (V BE ) is 6V Collector Emitter Voltage (V CE ) is 30V Base Current(I B ) is 5mA maximum Available in To-92 Package Note: Complete Technical Details can be found at the 2N2222A datasheet given at the end of this page. Alternative for 2N2222A: BC549, BC636, BC639, BC547 , 2N2369, 2N3055 , 2N3904 , 2N3906 , 2SC5200 2N2222A Equivalent Transistors: 2N2907(PNP), 2N3904 (PNP), 2N3906 (PNP), BC637, S9014, BC148, 2N4403, MPS2222, PN2222, KN2222, KTN2222 Brief Description on 2N2222A: 2N2222A is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. 2N2222A has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor. The maximum amount of current that could flow through the Collector pin is 800mA, hence we cannot connect loads that consume more than 800mA using this transistor. To bias a transistor we have to supply current to base pin, this current (I B ) should be limited to 5mA. When this transistor is fully biased then it can allow a maximum of 800mA to flow across the collector and emitter. This stage is called Saturation Region and the typical voltage allowed across the Collector-Emitter (V CE ) or Base-Emitter (V BE ) could be 200 and 900 mV respectively. When base current is removed the transistor becomes fully off, this stage is called as the Cut-off Region and the Base Emitter voltage could be around 660 mV. Where to use 2N2222A The 2N2222A transistor is very much similar to the commonly used NPN transistor BC547. But there are two important features that distinguish both. 2N2222A can allow collector current upto 800mA and also has power dissipation of 652mW which can be used to drive larger loads than compared with BC547. So if you looking for an NPN transistor that could switch loads of higher current then 2N2222A might the right choice for your project. How to use 2N2222A This transistor like all can be used either as a switch or as an amplifier. The Base-Emitter voltage of this transistor is 6V so you just have to supply this voltage across the base and emitter of the transistor to induce a base current into the transistor. This transistor will make it forward biased and thus closes the connection between collector and emitter. However one important thing to notice is the Base resistor a.k.a current limiting resistor. As the name suggests this resistor will limit the current flowing through the transistor to prevent it from damaging. The value for this resistor can be calculated using the formula R B = V BE / I B To make things simple I have shown a simplified circuit to make a transistor as switch. In actual circuit modifications might be required. I have used a base voltage of 5V and a value of 1K as current limiting resistor. Note that the motor here draws about 500mA from the 12V power source, since the 2N2222 has collector current rating upto 800mA this circuit is possible had it been a BC547 the transistor should have been burnt. Applications Can be used to switch high current (upto 800mA) loads It can also be used in the various switching applications. Speed control of Motors Inverter and other rectifier circuits Can be used in Darlington Pair. 2D-Model 2D dimensions will help you in placing this component at the time of making circuit on perf board or a PCB.
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